The course will begin with the fundamentals of data acquisition and 3D survey design, and will continue with a discussion of how survey design and acquisition have changed progressively over the years to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of our 3D surveys.
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Duration
Five days
Intended Audience
Basic to advanced levels
Prerequisites (Knowledge/Experience/Education Required)
It is assumed that attendees will have a basic understanding of the principles of seismic reflection theory and how these have been applied in the past. Although some knowledge of seismic data acquisition will be helpful, it is not essential. Geologists and managers who have little geophysical knowledge will also benefit from an improved understanding of modern seismic acquisition techniques and 3D survey design.
Summary
This course will provide information related to recent advances in data acquisition technology, equipment and the methodologies that are being utilized to improve data quality and, in many cases, reduce the cost of 3D survey acquisition. The course is appropriate not only for geophysicists involved in survey design and acquisition, but also for those involved in data processing and interpretation who wish to better understand the potential improvements that can be made. Both marine and land applications will be discussed.
The course will begin with the fundamentals of data acquisition and 3D survey design, and will continue with a discussion of how survey design and acquisition have changed progressively over the years to improve the quality and cost-effectiveness of our 3D surveys.
Course Outline
- Introduction, including cost-benefit
- Land video
- Basic geophysics of seismic recording
- Fundamental land geometries
- Fundamental streamer marine acquisition
- Fundamentals of sea-bed (OBC and OBN) acquisition
- Migration aperture
- Spatial sampling
- Compressive sensing
- Design issues frequently misunderstood, incorrectly calculated or deliberately ignored
- High density surveys
- Wide azimuth vs. narrow azimuth geometries
- The search for low frequencies
- High productivity data acquisition
- Simultaneous source technology including vibroseis methodologies
- Additional novel and useful technologies
- Accelerated weight drops
- “TopSeis1 ”
- “QuietSea2 ”
- Other Issues
- Where cable-less recording systems are applicable and where not
- Arrays versus point receivers
- 3C sensors versus conventional p-wave geophones
- Converted wave acquisition on land
- Team exercises
Learner Outcomes
- Define the primary parameters for a successful 3D survey design in differing terrains
- Discuss the effect of operational aspects of different terrain conditions on the choice of survey acquisition equipment and technologies
- Discuss the requirements for successful Pre-stack Depth Migration in terms of
- Data acquisition geometry / spatial sampling
- Migration aperture
- Define the benefits of wide azimuth recording geometries over more traditional narrow azimuth surveys
- Define the benefits of obtaining more low frequency signal
- Discuss the primary difficulties in improving marine low frequency data acquisition
- Discuss the primary difficulties in improving low frequency data acquisition on land
- Define the primary methods of designing high density, wide azimuth surveys on land using explosives
- Define the primary methods of designing high density, wide azimuth surveys on land using vibrators or other surface sources
- Discuss the need for surface arrays of sensors versus when point receivers may be sufficient