This course discusses the seismic principles necessary for understanding the concepts of seismic data acquisition and processing.
Course topics include:
- 2D and 3D land and marine acquisition techniques such as field configurations and layout patterns
- 3D land and marine processing sequence
- Including a brief discussion about each process, its main function and critical parameters
- Synthetic seismogram methodology and its use in bridging geological and geophysical data
- Define and illustrate the purpose of vertical seismic profiles
- Using printed sections, interpret 3D horizons
- Review 3D SEG-Y headers
Please bring your laptop for this course. Minimum PC Hardware Requirements:
- Operating System: Windows 7, 8, 8.1, 10 (x64-bit)
- Processor (CPU): 2.4 GHz Quad-Core
- System Memory: 4 GB RAM
- Hard Drive: 500 GB – 2 TB
- Mouse: 3 Button Wheel Mouse
- Monitors: 19″ monitor with 1024×768 resolution
- Graphics Card: 128 MB with 64-bit Color Quality (Open GL compatible)
- Optical Media: 16x DVD-ROM
Duration
Two days
Intended Audience
Entry Level
This course is intended for geologists, engineers, those planning to enter the field of geophysics or those from any other discipline that would like to gain more knowledge about seismic acquisition and processing.
Prerequisites
None. The course will start at “ground level” in terms of a participant’s knowledge.
Course Outline – Summary
- Introduction – videos, seismic data examples: field data and processed data
- Geological structures and stratigraphy
- Seismic principles
- Seismic data acquisition: 2D/3D Marine and 2D/3D Land
- Seismic data processing sequence: 2D/3D Marine and 2D/3D Land
- Seismic data processing parameters and examples
- Synthetic seismograms
- Vertical seismic profiles
- 3D Horizon Interpretation – coloring exercises using paper sections
- SEG-Y data
Course Content
Day 1: 2D/3D Land and Marine Acquisition
(OMNI 3D* – will be used to illustrate few concepts – see PC hardware requirements above)
- We will discuss marine 2D field configurations, field components and acquisition parameters using several offshore examples from different acquisition companies. We will also review the inter-relationships of various acquisition parameters to seismic principles such as aliasing. We will make use of several field data examples to illustrate the relationship between the field configuration and the acquired data and identify various events on a field record based on the mode of wave travel.
- We will discuss land 2D field configurations, field components and acquisition parameters using several onshore examples from different acquisition companies. I will also explain the difference between marine and land 2D through examples.
- We will assess the processing sequences from several different processing companies and compare those with a standard processing sequence. I will define the purpose of various processes within the processing sequence and explain any major changes to the standard processing sequence over the past years.
- We will use OMNI 3D* seismic survey design software to demonstrate acquisition concepts such as geometry layout, azimuth, fold, and offset.
Day 2: 2D/3D Land and Marine Processing
(VISTA* – will be used to illustrate few concepts – see PC Hardware requirements above)
- We will discuss marine 3D field configurations such as NAZ, WAZ, RAZ and coil* shooting, field components and acquisition parameters using several offshore examples from different acquisition companies.
- We will discuss various Land 3D field configurations such as orthogonal, swath, and zig-zag.
- We will also discuss single source simultaneous acquisition, field components and acquisition parameters using several onshore examples from different acquisition companies.
- We will review processes including 3D binning, dip moveout, and prestack migration.
- We will review how to generate synthetic seismograms.
- We will also examine workflows for prestack and poststack inversion.
- Finally, we will interpret 3D horizons using paper sections and discuss 3D SEG-Y headers.
- We will use VISTA* desktop seismic processing software to demonstrate basic processing flows and review other processing related concepts.
Learner Outcomes
- Distinguish seismic data types: marine vs. land and 2D vs. 3D.
- Learn key terminology about seismic principles, data acquisition, and processing.
- Identify information available on field or shot records and processed seismic sections, side labels and SEG-Y headers.
- Differentiate between 2D/3D marine and land acquisition parameters and acquisition geometries.
- Compare and contrast the use of various seismic data processing steps in 2D/3D marine and land processing sequences.
- Identify the key parameters of various land and marine data processing steps.
- Identify the information available on synthetic seismograms and vertical seismic profiles.
- Apply simple horizon interpretation techniques to track horizons on 3D seismic sections (inlines and crosslines).
- Comprehend the different information available in the three SEG-Y headers in a SEG-Y file.
An asterisk (*) is used throughout this document to designate a mark of Schlumberger.