The course aims to enable participants to perform their own initial 4D interpretation in relatively basic settings. To this aim, we discuss the 4D signatures of various production effects starting from basic rock and fluid properties. The role of good seismic acquisition design and processing approaches to minimize the 4D noise is explained. We discuss various 4D attributes and interpretation methods, both qualitative and quantitative, culminating in one or more 4D-consistent dynamic subsurface scenarios including uncertainties. We explain how to link these insights to reservoir models and the process for updating these. The course contains exercises for the audience. We also include a diverse set of case studies showing examples of business impact that 4D seismic had in various settings.
Duration
Two Days
Learner Outcomes
- Describe the standard 4D interpretation volumes (amplitudes and timeshifts)
- Evaluate the quality of a 4D dataset
- Identify basic 4D signals considering data quality
- Calibrate 4D signals in the context of production effects and reservoir models
- Communicate basic 4D insights to other disciplines
Audience
Entry Level to Advanced
Prerequisites
None, beyond a basic level of Oil and Gas /Upstream familiarity.
Who Should Attend?
Due to integrated nature of 4D seismic, course should appeal to all subsurface disciplines, well engineers, and team leaders. Students are welcome, too.
